a. Prevention, Treatment Efforts Have 'Broken' the Direction of AIDS
1. What day is World AIDS Day?
Wednesday is December first, World AIDS Day.
2. Are the number of Aids-related deaths increasing or decreasing? Why?
The number of Aids- related deaths are decreasing. Because, many countries showed progress on this issue.
3. The latest UNAIDS report says new HIV infections have fallen almost ___twenty________ percent in the last ten years.
4. Which populations are most at risk?
These populations include sex workers, drug users and homosexual men.
5. In other news, how many non-smokers have died as a result of second hand smoke?
Researchers found that more than six hundred thousand non-smokers died in 2004.
b. What You Can Do to Reduce the Risk of Getting Hepatitis
1. Where is the liver?
The liver is in the upper right part of the stomach.
2. What is its job?
The liver helps clean the blood and fight infection. It also helps break down food and store energy until the body needs it.
3. What does hepatitis do?
Hepatitis destroys liver cells. Some kinds of hepatitis are much more serious than others.
4. What are antibodies?
Antibodies are special proteins that the body's natural defenses against disease produce in answer to a threat.
5. How is Hepatitis A spread? What are the symptoms if someone has hepatitis?
Hepatitis A is usually spread through human waste in water or food.The hepatitis A virus causes high body temperature, pain and weakness. It causes problems with the stomach and intestines, making it difficult to eat or break down food. Also, the skin of a person with hepatitis may become yellow.
6. How can someone prevent and protect from getting Hepatitis?
To help prevent the spread of hepatitis A, people should wash their hands after they use the restroom or change a baby's diaper. People should also wash their hands before they eat or prepare food.
7. Hepatitis A is found in which countries?
Hepatitis A is often found in Asia, Africa and Central and South America.
8. How many people have Hepatitis B?
Two billion people are infected with the hepatitis B virus. ( The World Health Organization said it. )
9. How many people die each year from Hepatitis B?
WHO officials say an estimated six hundred thousand people die each year as a result of hepatitis B.
10. How affective is the Hepatitis B?
The vaccine is ninety-five percent effective in preventing the development of infection.
11. How can someone get infected with Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B spreads when blood from an infected person enters the body of another person. An infected mother can infect her baby. The virus can also spread through sexual activity, and if people share injection devices.
12. Who is most likely to develop a life-long infection with Hepatitis B?
Young children are the ones most likely to develop a chronic or lifelong infection. The risk of such an infection is small for children older than four years.
13. How does Hepatitis C spread?
It spreads when blood from an infected person enters someone who is not infected.
14. About how many people have Hepatitis C?
About one hundred seventy million people are infected with hepatitis C.
15. Where are the highest rates of infection?
The highest rates of infection are in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.
16. When was the virus first observed?
The hepatitis C virus was first observed in nineteen seventy-four.
17. When was it recognized as a virus?
It was not officially recognized as a new kind of hepatitis until nineteen eighty-nine.
18. How many Americans have Hepatitis C?
Three million Americans are infected with hepatitis C.
19. How do you get Hepatitis D? What’s the best way to prevent it?
Hepatitis D is spread through blood, but only infects people who already have hepatitis B. Doctors say the best way to prevent hepatitis D is to get vaccine that protects against hepatitis B.
20. How do you get Hepatitis E? When was it recognized as a separate disease?
Experts say it spreads the same way as hepatitis A -- through infectious waste. Cases often result from polluted drinking water. Medical science recognized hepatitis E as a separate disease in nineteen eighty.
21. Where has this type of Hepatitis been found? Is there a vaccine?
The WHO says many hepatitis E cases have been reported in Central and Southeast Asia, North and West Africa and Mexico. No vaccines or medicines are effective against hepatitis E.
22. When was Hepatitis G discovered?
Scientists discovered Hepatitis G in the nineteen nineties.
23. Can Hepatitis be cured?
No, it can’t.
24. What are some basic ways you can protect yourselves from Hepatitis?
The only way to protect against infection is to receive vaccines against hepatitis A and B, and to avoid contact with the other viruses.Some kinds of hepatitis spread through sex or sharing needles. Blood products should be carefully tested for hepatitis.
25. Should people with Hepatitis donate their organs? Why?
People in high-risk groups and those who have had hepatitis should not give blood. They also should not agree to leave their organs to others after they die. Donated organs can also spread hepatitis.
c. Pick a listening from the health page that you are interested in – write a short summary in your blog!
Cholera is a outbreak in Haiti. Health officials are worry abouth losses of this disease. Cholera causes diarrhea and vomiting. The body loses a lot of fluid. People can get cholera if they eat foods or drink liquids containing the bacteria that cause the infection.
Cholera can be treated. Patients drink a solution of salt, sugar and water. The most important problem is that there is always help. If cholera is not treated, it can kill within hours. People have been living in tents after the earthquake. This dirty and crowded environment is very suitable for cholera.
The outbreak in Haiti has already killed several hundred people.
Some people have taken measures. Workers provide clean bottled water and water purification tablets. People are being urged to wash their hands carefully with soap and purified water after using the toilet or changing a baby's diaper. These are so important.
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